James Fishkin and Robert Luskin suggest that deliberative discussion should be:
- Informed - Substantive balance - Diversity - Conscientiousness - Equal consideration
VIMEO 66886773 Deliberative Polling is a process of public consultation in which scientific samples are polled before and after to seriously deliberate about the issues.
In Fishkin's definition of deliberative democracy, lay citizens must participate in the decision-making process, thus making it a subtype of direct democracy.
# Informed (and thus informative)
The extent to which participants are given access to reasonably accurate information that they believe to be relevant to the issue. Arguments should be supported by appropriate and reasonably accurate factual claims.
# Substantive
Arguments should be considered sincerely on their merits, not on how they are made or by who is making them.
The extent to which arguments offered by one side or from one perspective are answered by considerations offered by those who hold other perspectives.
# Balanced
The extent to which the major position in the public are represented by participants in the discussion.
# Diversity
Arguments should be met by contrary arguments.
# Conscientiousness
The participants should be willing to talk and listen, with civility and respect. The extent to which participants sincerely weigh the merits of the arguments.
# Equal consideration
The extent to which arguments offered by all participants are considered on the merits regardless of which participants offer them.
# Comprehensive
All points of view held by significant portions of the population should receive attention.